In the age of IoT, a mobile device is equipped with sensors and intelligence, in a heterogeneous architecture. Before providing this information, it is likely that PLS will also be influenced by other areas [56] such as physical security or biometrics [59]. Perhaps crKG and RF-Fingerprinting [60] techniques may be revolutionary for key exchange and authentication problems, but they still have limited and contradictory performance, as reported in the current literature. For example, in [61] 1 minute is required to generate 128-bit security keys, while in [62] only 16 ms is theoretically estimated for 256-bit security keys. S. Jana, S. N. Premnath, M. Clark, S. K. Kasera, N.
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L. Xiao, L. Greenstein, N. Mandayam, W. Trappe, Using the physical layer for Wireless authentication in time-variant channels. IEEE Trans. Wirel. Commun.7 (7), 2571-2579 (2008).
doi.org/10.1109/TWC.2008.070194. There is already evidence that the frequency range offers greater power and flexibility for PLS: in [42], alice and Bob will receive a key generation of 90 bits per packet with only 5∼ of the key gap, while about tens of bits per second are generated by RSSI methods. Authentication: Alice and Bob must trust each other before performing CRCGs. This prelude could be achieved in the traditional way [85], for example by using secret keys stored by the device manufacturer and Challenge Response authentication methods. There are also PLS techniques such as PUF [87], Vicinity-Solution [61] or radio signature authentication [85, 88, 89]. RF Fingerprinting can be implemented today with good results [60, 90-95], thanks to the power of machine classification and aggregation and deep learning [96-98]. At this point, Eve can try to play as bob or Alice, and play a man-in-the-middle attack.[85] Authentication is not part of this work….